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       [導(dao)讀]我(wo)們能(neng)(neng)直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸或(huo)(huo)(huo)感知到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，多(duo)(duo)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括五(wu)大(da)(da)類(lei)：PE、PP、ABS、PVC、PS，這五(wu)大(da)(da)類(lei)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)占(zhan)據(ju)了塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)大(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)數。  在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)常(chang)(chang)生活中(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)們能(neng)(neng)直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸或(huo)(huo)(huo)感知到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，多(duo)(duo)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括五(wu)大(da)(da)類(lei)：PE、PP、ABS、PVC、PS，這五(wu)大(da)(da)類(lei)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)占(zhan)據(ju)了塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)大(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)數，其(qi)(qi)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)可(ke)(ke)以歸(gui)入特(te)殊塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)品(pin)種(zhong)，如：PPS、PPO、PA、PC、POM等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，它(ta)們在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生活產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量很(hen)(hen)少，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)、國(guo)防科技等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)高(gao)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)域，如汽車、航天(tian)、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)、通訊等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)域。塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根據(ju)其(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分類(lei)，可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)(wei)熱塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)熱固性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。通常(chang)(chang)情(qing)況下，熱塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)可(ke)(ke)再回收利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，而(er)熱固性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)則不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)，根據(ju)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)來分，可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)(wei)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)、半透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)及(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如PS、PMMA、AS、PC等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)屬于(yu)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，而(er)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)大(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)數塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)都(dou)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分類(lei)方式(shi)還有(you)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)，這里不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)介(jie)(jie)紹了。     常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)品(pin)種(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)及(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu) 1、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)：常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)(wei)低壓(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(HDPE)、高(gao)壓(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(LDPE)和(he)線性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)壓(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)。三者當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，HDPE有(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)、電(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)機械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，而(er)LDPE和(he)LLDPE有(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、沖擊性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)、成(cheng)膜(mo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。LDPE和(he)LLDPE主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)包(bao)裝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)薄(bo)膜(mo)、農用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)薄(bo)膜(mo)、塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，而(er)HDPE的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)廣(guang)泛(fan)，薄(bo)膜(mo)、管(guan)材(cai)、注(zhu)射日(ri)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)品(pin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)個領(ling)(ling)(ling)域。 2、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)：相對來說，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)也(ye)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)復雜(za)，領(ling)(ling)(ling)域繁多(duo)(duo)，品(pin)種(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)均(jun)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(homopp)，嵌段共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(copp)和(he)無(wu)規(gui)共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(rapp)，根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，均(jun)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)拉絲、纖維、注(zhu)射、BOPP膜(mo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)域，共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)器(qi)注(zhu)射件(jian)，改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，日(ri)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)注(zhu)射產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)、管(guan)材(cai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，無(wu)規(gui)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)制(zhi)品(pin)、高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)、高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)材(cai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。 3、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)氯乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)：由于(yu)其(qi)(qi)成(cheng)本(ben)低廉，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有(you)自阻(zu)燃(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，故在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)領(ling)(ling)(ling)域里用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)廣(guang)泛(fan)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)下水道管(guan)材(cai)、塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)鋼門窗(chuang)、板材(cai)、人造(zao)皮革等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)最為(wei)(wei)廣(guang)泛(fan)。 4、聚(ju)(ju)(ju)苯乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)：作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)廣(guang)泛(fan)，如汽車燈罩、日(ri)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)件(jian)、透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)杯、罐(guan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。  5、ABS：是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，具有(you)杰出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理機械(xie)和(he)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)器(qi)、面(mian)板、面(mian)罩、組(zu)合(he)(he)件(jian)、配(pei)件(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)器(qi)，如洗(xi)衣機、空調、冰箱、電(dian)扇等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量十分龐大(da)(da)，另外(wai)(wai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方面(mian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)也(ye)很(hen)(hen)廣(guang)。   常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辨(bian)別(bie)方式(shi) 1、密(mi)度(du)(du)法：考(kao)查(cha)各種(zhong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度(du)(du)，以液體為(wei)(wei)介(jie)(jie)質，檢驗其(qi)(qi)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)液體介(jie)(jie)質中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)浮，以粗略辨(bian)別(bie)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)類(lei)，如一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水中(zhong)(zhong)，浮在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水面(mian)可(ke)(ke)斷定，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)PVC(因PVC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度(du)(du)＞1)。   2、燃(ran)燒(shao)法：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)考(kao)查(cha)火焰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顏色(se)(se)和(he)燃(ran)燒(shao)時發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)味(wei)和(he)煙(yan)(yan)霧，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般來講，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)烯(xi)(xi)烴類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)火焰多(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)藍(lan)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)淡藍(lan)色(se)(se)，氣(qi)味(wei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)溫(wen)和(he)及(ji)淡、煙(yan)(yan)霧呈白色(se)(se)，而(er)多(duo)(duo)數帶(dai)苯或(huo)(huo)(huo)氯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)后容易冒(mao)黑煙(yan)(yan)，氣(qi)味(wei)濃(nong)烈。另外(wai)(wai)，如PE、PP有(you)滴燃(ran)現象，而(er)PVC等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)則無(wu)滴燃(ran)，但有(you)自熄現象。  3、光學法：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)考(kao)查(cha)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)：PS、PC、PMMA、AS；半透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)：PE、無(wu)規(gui)共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)PP、均(jun)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)PP、軟(ruan)質PVC、透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)ABS等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，其(qi)(qi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)基(ji)本(ben)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。   4、色(se)(se)辨(bian)法：一(yi)(yi)(yi)般來講，不(bu)(bu)(bu)加助(zhu)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如果本(ben)身(shen)含(han)有(you)雙鍵，則顏色(se)(se)會顯略黃，如ABS，因有(you)丁二烯(xi)(xi)共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)后聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物中(zhong)(zhong)仍含(han)有(you)雙鍵，因此會顯略黃。  其(qi)(qi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)數辨(bian)別(bie)方法***要(yao)借助(zhu)各種(zhong)儀器(qi)，如紅外(wai)(wai)光譜(pu)、質譜(pu)，核磁共(gong)振、差熱掃描、熱分析等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。
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